[ubuntu] Two failed 14.4 installs.

Best to have one thread on each system, if that is what you want. Then also include in title brand/model system.

For Toshiba, that should be an UEFI install. And some UEFI have fast boot which is different than fast start up in Windows. Fast boot is also a Windows requirement to speed booting of Windows. It assumes no changes to hardware or configuration, and if everything is the same it just reboots without taking time to scan system for hardware. But often then you do not have time to get into UEFI to change settings or get system to recognize changes. Some have to totally power down, including removing battery if laptop, and hold power switch for 10 secv or so, then cold boot and immediately press correct key to get into UEFI/BIOS. Others have to jumper pins on motherboard or even remove coin battery on motherboard to totally reset. And then all changes to UEFI revert to default. Also a UEFI update from vendor reverts to default so keep track of changes. In my UEFI systems I have had anywhere from a few to many settings to change.

But may be best to see details:
Post the link to the Create BootInfo summary report. Is part of Boot-Repair:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Info

Always best to use Windows own tools to shrink Windows NTFS partitions and reboot immediately so Windows can run its chkdsk. It always requires a chkdsk after a resize. But do not create partitions with Windows. And Linux NTFS driver will not mount Windows that is hibeated nor needs chkdsk. Grub will also not boot systems needing chkdsk or are hibeated. Best to have Windows repair disk or know how to use Windows repair console. With UEFI you can still directly boot Windows from UEFI boot menu or one time boot key, if fast boot is not so fast as to prevent pressing key.